Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult. Li Z, Zhi-hong L, Gui-ying L, Kang-lai H, Tong-qing Y, Jie Z, Da-fang H. Introduction of Btcry1Ah gene into sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Yield of sweet sorghum is directly affected by the planting time. 2014;64:348–55. London: Longrnans, Green & Co., Ltd.; 1970. Plant Mol Biol. Red card for pathogens: phytoalexins in sorghum and maize. In: Publication of Agronomy Department, No. Nan L, Hongtu M, Xiuying H, Huaibi L, Xide X, Xiuying H, Ruidong H, Hongfei Z, Wanxuan Z, Shoujiang Z, et al. Adaptability and stability study of selected sweet sorghum genotypes for ethanol production under different environments using AMMI analysis and GGE biplots. Terms and Conditions, 2014;16(2):133–43. Identification of differentially expressed microRNA in the stems and leaves during sugar accumulation in sweet sorghum. Phytopathology. We propose to develop sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) as a bioenergy crop. Dr Bellmer of Oklahoma State University explains that sweet sorghum … Sjemenarstvo. Theor Appl Genet. Sustainable alternative fuel feedstock opportunities, challenges and roadmaps for six US regions. Plant Cell Physiol. Systematics and evolution of Sorghum sect. January 10, 2017 | Meghan Sapp. ; 2016. Plant Cell Physiol. Sweet sorghum–based ethanol-producing distilleries have been established in China, India, and elsewhere. The well-developed root structure that can extend up to 2 m below ground aids to obtain moisture from the soil. Hart GE, Schertz KF, Peng Y, Syed NH. Although, annual ethanol output from sweet sorghum depends on several factors including genetic background, time of the year, soil quality, and other environmental factors, sweet sorghum crop is estimated to produce up to 8000 l/ha/year of ethanol [37]. Front Plant Sci. Google Scholar. In: A research roadmap resulting from the biomass to biofuels workshop sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Rockville, Maryland, U.S.: DOE/SC-0095. China is another major center of diversity and producer of sorghum in Asia. Discovery of microRNA169 gene copies in genomes of flowering plants through positional information. Calviño M, Miclaus M, Bruggmann R, Messing J. Molecular markers for sweet sorghum based on microarray expression data. Massive sorghum collection genotyped with SSR markers to enhance use of global genetic resources. Dugas DV, Monaco MK, Olsen A, Klein RR, Kumari S, Ware D, Klein PE. Sweet sorghum can be grown in many regions of the United States. 2012;37(1):362–75. Introduction. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This work was supported by Department of Biotechnology, India [Ramalingaswami fellowship Grant “BT/RLF/Re-entry/27/2012” to MKS and “BT/RLF/Re-entry/49/2012” to RS]. Evaluation of the environmental impacts of ethanol production from sweet sorghum. USDA-RMA, CTOR: Jaime Padget, Missouri Watts and Associates, Inc.; 2015. In: Installment 9 creating a sustainable food future. Maehara T, Takai T, Ishihara H, Yoshida M, Fukuda K, Gau M, Kaneko S. Effect of lime pretreatment of brown midrib sorghums. In: Zhang TC, Nakajima M, editors. Sweet sorghum as a biofuel crop has many attractive features that make it an excellent source of renewable energy. Sweet sorghum: from theory to practice. Calvino and colleagues [191] have identified cluster of miRNA169 on chromosome 1 and another on chromosome 7. Euphytica. Growth phases and stages during sorghum life cycle. Sugar Tech. Most of the sweet sorghum cultivars available in India have been developed by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)–Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR; formerly known as Directorate of Sorghum Research) and All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) centers for Sorghum. Climate change impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment. Further, Yamaguchi and colleagues have shown that Dw1 reduces cell proliferation activity specifically in stem internodes [179], whereas Dw1 together with Dw3 helps in improving lodging resistance [179]. 2016;11(1):e1117721. Sugar Tech. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Although, ethanol can be produced from sweet sorghum grain (Figure 1) but it needs more process for converting it's starch to glucose that later will be converted to ethanol (Jacques et al., 1999). Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Are sucrose transporter expression profiles linked with patterns of biomass partitioning in Sorghum phenotypes? The basal media that have been used in sweet sorghum callus induction and/or regeneration include Murashige and Skoog (MS), Linsmaier & Skoog (LS), and Gamborg. Apart from breeding for important traits like juice content, biomass yield, and stress tolerance, trials for environment-specific varieties are in progress through multi-location and on-farm testing [78]. 2011;123(1):169–91. Plant Physiol. In: He Z, Bonjean APA, editors. It has potential to solve two major issues. An assessment of the genetic relationship between sweet and grain sorghums, within Sorghum bicolor ssp. Calvino M, Messing J. Maydica. challenges for sweet sorghum production in South Africa include the lack of management practices for sustainable production (Mengistu etal., 2016). Harlan JR, de Wet JMJ. Takai T, Yonemaru J, Kaidai H, Kasuga S. Quantitative trait locus analysis for days-to-heading and morphological traits in an RIL population derived from an extremely late flowering F1 hybrid of sorghum. These are involved in early steps of GA biosynthesis, and loss of function mutations in any of these genes led to severe dwarfing phenotype [181]. 2009;149(1):71–81. Dugas et al. As reported for several other crops, genotype also directly affects the morphology and frequency of embryogenic calli [140]. Am J Plant Sci. This database provides sequence information as well as comparative viewer to compare syntenic regions in sorghum with that of rice and Brachypodium. The sweet sorghum {Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) has vast potential use as ethanol and syrup production in the Indian context. Ordonio RL, Ito Y, Hatakeyama A, Ohmae-Shinohara K, Kasuga S, Tokunaga T, Mizuno H, Kitano H, Matsuoka M, Sazuka T. Gibberellin deficiency pleiotropically induces culm bending in sorghum: an insight into sorghum semi-dwarf breeding. Many lines resistant to stem borer infection have also been identified. However, later studies showed clustering of sweet sorghum lines with other S. bicolor genotypes suggesting that sweet sorghum has a polyphyletic origin and therefore, apart from race bicolor, may have parentage from other previously mentioned races as well [66]. Kawahigashi H, Kasuga S, Okuizumi H, Hiradate S, Yonemaru JI. https://phytozome.jgi.doe.gov/pz/portal.html-!info?alias=Org_Sbicolor). Do PT, Zhang ZJ. The database contains QTL information for Sorghum, Saccharum, Miscanthus, and rice. However, stage of maximum sugar accumulation varies in different varieties with some genotypes mainly accumulating sugars between dough stage and physiological maturity, whereas others accumulate sugars up to 15 days post-physiological maturity [60]. Ghate T, Deshpande S, Bhargava S. Accumulation of stem sugar and its remobilisation in response to drought stress in a sweet sorghum genotype and its near-isogenic lines carrying different stay-green loci. France, Italy, and Germany are the main centers of sweet sorghum research in European Union. Alcohol production with sweet sorghum stem is a very complicated work . Economic Analysis of Sweet Sorghum for Biofuels Production in the Texas High Plains Steve Amosson1, Jnaneshwar Girase2, Brent Bean3, William Rooney4, and Jake Becker5 Introduction Sweet sorghum is a potential biofuel … Ensembl Plants is another cyber infrastructure developed as a part of European Plant Genomics infrastructure and hosts genomic data for various plant species. Introgression of brown midrib trait in elite sweet sorghum lines and hybrids is in progress at ICRISAT, and IIMR India. Immature embryos are most widely used for embryogenic callus formation and are shown to give highest transformation efficiency [137, 138]. Proportion and composition of sugar content in sweet sorghum stalks is a critical factor when considering it as a potential biofuel feedstock. 1 [139] have been evaluated for their potential to regenerate through embryogenic callus. 2013;5(2):402–17. The bmr parental lines (B/R) will be used to develop elite hybrids (high grain and biomass), which are amenable for lignocellulosic ethanol extraction at lower costs. 2009;9:1–14. Billings M. Biomass sorghum and sweet sorghum data gathering report In: W&A Crop Insurance. However, the regeneration response towards different combinations of cytokines and auxins or other additives also varies with the genotype of the explant. Sorghum is a multipurpose crop and can be used for food, feed, fuel and fodder. Mace ES, Xia L, Jordan DR, Halloran K, Parh DK, Huttner E, Wenzl P, Kilian A. 2007;48(2):79–83. Their results, at both, vegetative and reproductive stages, suggested that sorghum can possibly be irrigated using saline water up to 150 mM NaCl [32]. Morphologically distinguishable growth stages include emergence, 3-leaf stage, 5-leaf stage, panicle initiation, flag leaf stage, booting, half bloom, soft dough, hard dough, and physiological maturity. Front Plant Sci. 2016;42(4):601–20. Effect of harvesting stage on sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) genotypes in western Kenya. Bush DR, Leach JE. BMC Plant Biol. Cereals in China. Usually, grain yield in sweet sorghum is very low and grains are not suitable for use as human food. Part of 2014;35(4):733–9. Studies showed that plants grown for biofuel purposes have potential to reduce the net greenhouse gas emissions. Hufnagel B, de Sousa SM, Assis L, Guimaraes CT, Leiser W, Azevedo GC, Negri B, Larson BG, Shaff JE, Pastina MM, et al. SorGSD: a sorghum genome SNP database. US Global Research Program; 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101879-8.00016-4. Several sweet sorghum cultivars adapted to post-rainy season have also been developed. Conversely, the warm climate also increases soil GHG emissions (Xu & Luo, 2012 ). BMC Genom. 2009;37(1):181–9. ICRISAT 2011. 2006;2(1):1–5. 2012;7(4):1–13. Sweet sorghum is a promising target for biofuel production. The genome of sorghum is estimated to be ~730 Mb, organized into ten chromosomes. Ceres, Raizen ink multi-year sweet sorghum ethanol deal . In a recent study, Anami and colleagues [161] reported a total of 38 QTLs for stem brix, twelve for stem glucose, fourteen for stem sucrose, twenty-two for stem sugar, and two for fructose accumulation in sorghum. In: Braconnier S, editor. Spontaneous mutations in the genes involved in lignin biosynthesis are associated with a brown color of leaf midrib due to reduced lignin content and are called brown midrib (bmr) mutants [171]. Loque D, Scheller HV, Pauly M. Engineering of plant cell walls for enhanced biofuel production. Rao PS, Kumar CG, Reddy BVS. Mace ES, Jordan DR. Several equipment companies are testing sweet sorghum harvester prototypes. A study was conducted by the Mariano Marcos State University with the title "Commercial Production and Utilization of Sweet Sorghum (for Ethanol, Food, Feed and Forage)". Int J Plant Prod. 2008;2008:1–7. 2016;9:109–22. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Meeting US biofuel goals with less land: the potential of Miscanthus. The ongoing drought has had negative impacts on the country’s gain sorghum production but the government is trying to soothe the nerves of investors saying the drought won’t last forever. Sweet sorghum is an energy-rich crop as it is grown popularly in the world. Fracasso A, Trindade LM, Amaducci S. Drought stress tolerance strategies revealed by RNA-Seq in two sorghum genotypes with contrasting WUE. AVU and VAT contributed to the writing and critical reviewing of the manuscript. 2015;25:151–61. Ritter KB, McIntyre CL, Godwin ID, Jordan DR, Chapman SC. 2016;7:1–21. Dw4 shows strong association with blooming habit, a morphological marker. Plant height is also directly proportional to biomass and is one of the targets in breeding programs with an aim to develop taller cultivars as biofuel feedstock. Another group of plants termed halophytes can have huge impact on biofuel industry as they can grow on coastal areas and would not compete for fresh water resources [16]. Indian Institute of Millet Research to Use Sweet Sorghum to Boost Ethanol Production (New Indian Express) Sweet sorghum is a variety of sorghum or jowar/jonna, which has high sugar levels in its … http://articles.extension.org/pages/26634/sweet-sorghum-for-biofuel-production. The sweet sorghum germplasm exhibits tradeoffs between sugar content and biomass yields with some genotypes containing high sugar content with lower biomass, while others usually with lower sugar yields have high stalk biomass [42]. However, both maize and sugarcane are input-intensive food crops. Initiation and maintenance of friable embyogenic callus of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Monech) by animo acids. Qazi HA, Paranjpe S, Bhargava S. Stem sugar accumulation in sweet sorghum—activity and expression of sucrose metabolizing enzymes and sucrose transporters. Regassa TH, Wortmann CS. Atlanta: Soil and Water Conservation Society; 2010. p. 149–59. 2). Wang W, Wang J, Yang C, Li Y, Liu L, Xu J. Pollen-mediated transformation of Sorghum bicolor plants.